{"id":36563,"date":"2026-09-11T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/?p=36563"},"modified":"2026-09-09T21:39:23","modified_gmt":"2026-09-09T19:39:23","slug":"social-media-posts-as-works-protected-by-copyright","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/social-media-posts-as-works-protected-by-copyright\/","title":{"rendered":"Social Media Posts as Works Protected by Copyright"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"8aa42f\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-36561 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Social-Media-Post als urheberrechtliches Werk, Urheberrecht, Rechtsanwalt, Werkbegriff, Content-Marketing\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Social-Media-Post-als-urheberrechtliches-Werk-1024x576.avif\" style=\"--dominant-color: #8aa42f; object-position:48% 68%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"48% 68%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Social-Media-Post-als-urheberrechtliches-Werk-1024x576.avif 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Social-Media-Post-als-urheberrechtliches-Werk-300x169.avif 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Social-Media-Post-als-urheberrechtliches-Werk-768x432.avif 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Social-Media-Post-als-urheberrechtliches-Werk-1536x864.avif 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Social-Media-Post-als-urheberrechtliches-Werk-2048x1152.avif 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-97ba1214 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a6a2a725 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_ba24644ba1329134b0477507334c09a1\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-size:clamp(2.957rem, 2.957rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 4.738), 5.8rem);font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Social media post<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:4.6%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">as a copyrighted<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">work<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-878d3859 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2026-09-11T08:30:00+02:00\">11. September 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">of<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Clemens Pfitzer<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3b99a472 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can an online newspaper simply reproduce someone else\u2019s social media post just because it\u2019s short? The European Court of Justice has ruled that even a short Facebook post can be a protected work.<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ein-leitfaden-fur-eltern-wird-zum-zeitungsartikel\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A guide for parents becomes a newspaper article<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On September 8, 2021, a Romanian teacher posted a 22-line message on her Facebook page. The title was \u201cA Short Guide for Parents at the Start of the School Year.\u201d In it, she asked the parents of her students not to give her any gifts.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On September 14, 2021, a journalist for the online newspaper G\u00e2ndul published an article. In it, he reproduced the teacher\u2019s text in its entirety without obtaining her consent. He added her name and a link to her Facebook page only later. The teacher sought a declaration of copyright infringement and damages. The Bucharest Regional Court dismissed the lawsuit on April 26, 2022, ruling that the text was not protected by copyright. The Bucharest Court of Appeals upheld this ruling on May 3, 2023. The teacher then filed a cassation appeal with the Supreme Court of Cassation and Justice of Romania. The court referred the case to the European Court of Justice for a preliminary ruling.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-eugh-bejaht-werkschutz-fur-social-media-post\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">ECJ Upholds Copyright Protection for Social Media Posts<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Court of Justice has ruled  <a href=\"https:\/\/infocuria.curia.europa.eu\/tabs\/document\/C\/2024\/C-0598-24-00000000RP-01-P-01-3512711\/ARRET\/325970-DE-1-html\">Judgment of September 3, 2026 \u2013 Case No. C-598\/24<\/a>  decided. A post published on a social network can be a  <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/fields-of-law\/copyright\/\">copyrighted work<\/a>  This applies even if the author is merely expressing an opinion on social customs. The prerequisite is an original intellectual creation that reflects the author\u2019s personality. The Court also ruled on a second question referred to it. Member States may limit the exception for reporting on current events to short excerpts. A general prohibition on deriving economic benefit from such reporting, however, is not compatible with the Directive. It is now up to the Romanian Court of Cassation to determine whether the teacher\u2019s text is protected in this specific case. The outcome of the original legal dispute therefore remains open.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why Even a Short Text Can Be Considered a Work of Art<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-uberschrift\">According to the established case law of the Court of Justice, the concept of a work requires two conditions. The subject matter must be an original intellectual creation. It must express the author\u2019s free creative decisions. Furthermore, the subject matter must be identifiable with sufficient precision and objectivity. The length of a text is irrelevant in this regard. Similarly, whether it is published on the Internet or belongs to a particular literary genre is also irrelevant. An exception applies only if these characteristics result from constraints that leave no room for artistic freedom. The Court of Justice had previously applied these standards to  <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/copyright-in-the-piece-of-furniture\/\">Developed everyday items<\/a>. Now he explicitly applies this to posts on social media. The chamber sums this up in a single sentence.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-yellow-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A text posted on a social network that expresses an opinion regarding social customs deemed inappropriate falls under the term \u201cwork\u201d as defined in this provision, provided that the text is the expression of an intellectual creation that reflects the personality of its author.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What Companies with Their Own Social Media Channels Should Keep in Mind<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For companies that use social media and content on their own, this decision has two sides. Their own wording may already be protected as a work\u2014for example, pithy product descriptions, responses to customer reviews, or short campaign texts. The prerequisite is a recognizable, distinctive linguistic style. Reproduction by competitors or the media without consent may then already constitute an infringement. At the same time, a company\u2019s own risk increases when it reuses third-party content in its own marketing, such as customer testimonials, influencer posts, or comments. Invoking the exception for reporting on current events generally does not help in such cases. This exception is strictly limited to informational purposes; it is not intended for promotional purposes.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-fazit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The European Court of Justice sets the threshold for protection under the concept of a work protected by copyright quite low. A critical issue remains that it provides hardly any clear-cut criteria for short, everyday texts. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Exactly where the line is drawn between a work and a mere expression of opinion lacking creative originality remains unclear. Ultimately, the Court once again leaves this distinction to the national courts\u2014in this case, the Romanian Court of Cassation, which has yet to rule on the original case. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For companies, this means, above all, assuming that social media posts are protected when in doubt.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0c8cea62 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-71c143ff wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-fb77afb0 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1931a79c wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_f26632802ebc36c273ce18d36645f3c4\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We\u2019d be happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">advise you on the<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">Copyright!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9da75b5c wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-visual4-contact-modal__button\">\r\n            \r\n        <div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n            \r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button v4-contact-modal-button is-style-fill\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\" data-form-id=\"8\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\">Contact Form<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-style-mobile-only is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a768b15a wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:4971141019030\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Call now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column--image is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/themes\/kpw-law\/assets\/samples\/person-cropped.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23155\"\/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The ECJ has ruled that a social media post can be protected by copyright as a work. Here&#8217;s what that means for companies with their own channels.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904],"tags":[6633,5574,6632,5877],"thema":[],"rechtsgebiet":[4923],"produkt":[],"class_list":["post-36563","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","tag-concept-of-a-work","tag-facebook-en","tag-mail","tag-social-media","rechtsgebiet-copyright"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.4 (Yoast SEO v28.4) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Social Media Posts as Works Protected by Copyright<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The ECJ has ruled that a social media post can be protected by copyright as a work. 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