{"id":35799,"date":"2026-08-27T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-27T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/?p=35799"},"modified":"2026-08-27T10:42:42","modified_gmt":"2026-08-27T08:42:42","slug":"proof-of-use-of-a-trademark","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/proof-of-use-of-a-trademark\/","title":{"rendered":"Proof of Use of a Trademark"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"7678b0\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-35797 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Benutzungsnachweise einer Marke, Widerspruch, Unionsmarke, Markenrecht, Rechtsanwalt\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Benutzungsnachweise-einer-Marke-1024x576.avif\" style=\"--dominant-color: #7678b0; object-position:48% 21%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"48% 21%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Benutzungsnachweise-einer-Marke-1024x576.avif 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Benutzungsnachweise-einer-Marke-300x169.avif 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Benutzungsnachweise-einer-Marke-768x432.avif 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Benutzungsnachweise-einer-Marke-1536x864.avif 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Benutzungsnachweise-einer-Marke-2048x1152.avif 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-97ba1214 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a6a2a725 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_3f315ddc6aac43cd397ce9b39cd522f0\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-gigantic-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Proof of <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">use of a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-1 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">trademark<\/span>.<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-878d3859 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-27T08:30:00+02:00\">27. August 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">by<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Clemens Pfitzer<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3b99a472 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Are self-generated streaming statistics sufficient as evidence of use of the trademark? And is a company permitted to submit missing evidence only during the opposition proceedings before the EUIPO?<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-die-marke-verve-gegen-verve-group\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">The VERVE Trademark vs. VERVE GROUP<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On August 26, 2022, MGI Corporate GmbH, the legal predecessor of the current Verve Corporate GmbH of Hamburg, filed an application for the word mark \u201cVERVE GROUP\u201d as <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/topics\/trademark\/\">a trademark<\/a> for the European Union in Classes 9, 35, 36, 38, 41, 42, and 45. The application was published on January 10, 2023.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In response, the Dutch company Universal International Music B.V. filed an opposition on April 11, 2023, against all of the goods and services covered by the application, citing a likelihood of confusion and the alleged reputation of its earlier EU trademark \u201cVERVE\u201d (No. 14 267 751, filed on June 17, 2015, registered on April 7, 2016). The list of goods and services covered by this earlier trademark is exceptionally broad, ranging from sound recordings and clothing to advertising and telecommunications services in Classes 9, 16, 25, 35, 38, and 41.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Point of contention: Was the evidence supporting the earlier trademark really insufficient?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the request of Verve Corporate GmbH, Universal Music was required to provide proof of use of the VERVE trademark beginning on March 21, 2024. Universal submitted extensive documentation, including website excerpts, Wikipedia entries, press articles, an overview of market shares among major record labels, and screenshots of its Amazon, Spotify, and Instagram profiles.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In its decision dated June 30, 2025, the Opposition Division nevertheless dismissed the opposition in its entirety. According to the Opposition Division, the documents submitted did not provide evidence of either the commercial scope or the actual duration, frequency, or territorial scope of the use. There was no evidence whatsoever of actual sales under the trademark. Universal Music filed an appeal against this decision on August 28, 2025.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">The Decision: EUIPO, First Board of Appeal<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In <a href=\"https:\/\/euipo.europa.eu\/eSearchCLW\/#key\/trademark\/APL_20260810_R1553_2025-1_018752789\">its decision of August 10, 2026\u2014Case No. R 1553\/2025-1\u2014<\/a> the Board of Appeal of EUIPO partially upheld Universal Music\u2019s appeal and set aside the Opposition Division\u2019s decision.  The Board did not rule on the issue of likelihood of confusion itself, but rather remanded the case to the Opposition Division so that it could examine the matter for the first time.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Was the chamber even allowed to consider the new evidence?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In its statement of grounds for the appeal dated October 29, 2025, Universal Music submitted new documents. These included a self-compiled overview of European streaming figures for the 1,000 most-streamed tracks from September 2017 through August 2022, as well as more than 100 pages of album cover images, chart lists, and tour dates. In its reply dated February 12, 2026, Verve Corporate GmbH objected to this. The documents were submitted late, some were not written in English\u2014the language of the proceedings\u2014and their content could not be clearly attributed.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Board did not agree. The Board of Appeals may admit evidence submitted for the first time during the appeal proceedings if, at first glance, it is relevant to the outcome of the proceedings and merely supplements material that was already filed within the prescribed time limit. Neither the Rules of Procedure nor the relevant case law requires a justification for why the documents were not submitted earlier.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Chamber also rejected the argument that some of the documents were not available in English. It held that screenshots and chart lists are understandable on their own, so there is no obligation to provide a translation in this regard. Furthermore, Verve Corporate GmbH had itself commented in detail on the foreign-language documents in its reply, which demonstrated that it had understood their content.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What constitutes proof of use of the trademark?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With regard to the substantive examination, the Board first recalled the legal standard:<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-purple-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Genuine use of a trademark cannot be proven on the basis of probabilities or assumptions, but must be substantiated by valid and objective evidence of effective and sufficient use of the trademark in the relevant market.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For the relevant period from August 26, 2017, to August 25, 2022, the Chamber analyzed several documents collectively: archived website excerpts, press articles from 2019 to 2021, Amazon customer reviews from four EU countries, and Spotify figures for several artists on the label. The Chamber accepted the applicant\u2019s self-compiled streaming overview\u2014which the applicant had criticized as an unverifiable in-house product\u2014only in combination with these externally verifiable sources as evidence, not in isolation. However, it did not require invoices or sales figures: The scope of use may also be determined by an overall assessment of circumstantial evidence if low usage intensity is offset by a long duration of use, according to the Chamber.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">How narrowly was the scope of protection ultimately defined?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Although the appeal was successful, the confirmation was narrow in scope. Of the list originally registered for six <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/topics\/was-ist-die-nizza-klassifikation\/\">Nice classes<\/a>, the Board recognized use as proven only for the following:<\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Class 9<\/strong>: CDs, laser discs, and vinyl records containing music and entertainment content; downloadable music; downloadable MP3 files containing music and music-related entertainment content.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Class 41<\/strong>: Production and publishing of music; production of sound recordings; provision of non-downloadable audio and video recordings in the field of music and music-related entertainment.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For all other goods and services, the Board rejected the evidence of use. For printed matter in Class 16 and clothing in Class 25, there was no evidence whatsoever of marketing under the trademark. For advertising and retail services in Class 35, mere self-promotion of the company\u2019s own publications was not sufficient. This did not constitute an independent advertising, retail, or brokerage service for third parties. For telecommunications services in Class 38, the technical transmission was handled by the streaming platforms, not by Universal itself. Finally, for the majority of Class 41\u2014such as education, live concerts, fan club services, or broadcast production\u2014there was no evidence that Universal had actually provided these services itself.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">What does this mean for trademark owners?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This case highlights two points that are relevant to any company with a registered trademark. First, a broad registration does not exempt a company from the obligation to provide concrete evidence of use for each individual class of goods in the event of a dispute. We have previously described a similar pattern in the case of <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/no-use-of-the-trademark-for-disposable-deposits\/\">use to maintain trademark rights regarding the single-use deposit symbol<\/a>. Evidence of use was also decisive in <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/anheuser-busch-unterliegt-im-streit-um-budweiser\/\">Bud\u011bjovick\u00fd Budvar\u2019s opposition to the Budweiser trademark<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Second, the decision shows that the Boards of Appeal take a more lenient approach to new evidence than many assume. A party that loses in the first-instance proceedings before the <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/fields-of-law\/trademark-law\/\">EUIPO<\/a> has not necessarily squandered its last chance. However, this does not relieve the party of the obligation to carefully structure its case from the outset, as submitting evidence late prolongs the proceedings and increases the risk of costs.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-fazit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Following the assessment of the evidence, only a narrow core of trademark protection centered on sound recordings and music production remains from what was originally a very broad scope of trademark protection. The Opposition Division has yet to determine whether the remaining goods and services are in fact likely to be confused with the \u201cVERVE GROUP\u201d trademark application.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The generous admission of evidence submitted after the deadline should be viewed critically. While the fact that the rules of procedure do not require justification for late submission may be understandable from the perspective of procedural efficiency, it undermines the significance of the original deadlines and disadvantages the party that had relied on the record as it stood at the first instance.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0c8cea62 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-71c143ff wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-fb77afb0 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1931a79c wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_d945292f31e584cf048c88fc96c833fe\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We\u2019d be happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">you on<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">Trademark law!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9da75b5c wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-visual4-contact-modal__button\">\r\n            \r\n        <div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n            \r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button v4-contact-modal-button is-style-fill\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\" data-form-id=\"8\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\">Contact Form<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-style-mobile-only is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a768b15a wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:4971141019030\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Call now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column--image is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/themes\/kpw-law\/assets\/samples\/person-cropped.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23155\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>The EUIPO Board of Appeal reverses a rejection: Proof of use of the VERVE trademark is partially accepted, even with evidence submitted after the fact.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904],"tags":[6593,5421,6350,5042,6594],"thema":[],"rechtsgebiet":[4898],"produkt":[],"class_list":["post-35799","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","tag-evidence","tag-proof-of-use-en","tag-streaming","tag-trademark-en","tag-verve","rechtsgebiet-markenrecht-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>EUIPO: Proof of Use of a Trademark<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The EUIPO Board of Appeal reverses a rejection: The proof of use for the VERVE trademark is partially accepted, even with evidence submitted after the fact.\" \/>\n<meta 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