{"id":35321,"date":"2026-08-11T08:30:00","date_gmt":"2026-08-11T06:30:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/?p=35321"},"modified":"2026-08-11T10:21:09","modified_gmt":"2026-08-11T08:21:09","slug":"recommendation-systems-and-reporting-procedures-non-transparent","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/recommendation-systems-and-reporting-procedures-non-transparent\/","title":{"rendered":"Recommendation Systems and Reporting Procedures non-transparent"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"1c4d91\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #1c4d91;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-35319 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Empfehlungssysteme und Meldeverfahren intransparent, DSA, IT-Recht, E-Commerce, Rechtsanwalt\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Empfehlungssysteme-und-Meldeverfahren-intransparent-1024x576.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Empfehlungssysteme-und-Meldeverfahren-intransparent-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Empfehlungssysteme-und-Meldeverfahren-intransparent-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Empfehlungssysteme-und-Meldeverfahren-intransparent-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Empfehlungssysteme-und-Meldeverfahren-intransparent-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Empfehlungssysteme-und-Meldeverfahren-intransparent-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-97ba1214 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a6a2a725 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_3e747db822faa3463ae1f53112424598\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Recommendation Systems<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:3%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-size:clamp(1.837rem, 1.837rem + ((1vw - 0.2rem) * 2.272), 3.2rem);font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">and reporting procedures  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-huge-font-size wp-elements-0e832d2acaa67a31f65e8d2936319067 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">non-transparent<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-878d3859 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2026-08-11T08:30:00+02:00\">11. August 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">of<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Clemens Pfitzer<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3b99a472 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Can an online marketplace make the reporting of illegal content contingent on a customer account? And is it sufficient for the marketplace to simply list the criteria it uses to recommend products without explaining how those criteria are weighted? The Bamberg Higher Regional Court has ruled in accordance with the law on key points regarding reporting procedures and recommendation systems.  <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-ein-meldebutton-der-nur-probleme-mit-dem-produkt-kennt\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">A report button that only recognizes &#8220;problems with the product&#8221;<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The case involves the operator of an international <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/fields-of-law\/e-commerce\/e-commerce-3-2\/\">online marketplace<\/a> where both its own products and those of third-party sellers are sold. On April 25, 2023, the European Commission classified the provider as a very large online platform within the meaning of the Digital Services Act, meaning that the strictest obligations under <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2022\/2065\/oj?locale=de\">Regulation (EU) 2022\/2065<\/a> apply to it. In the ruling itself, the provider remains anonymous; we are respecting this confidentiality.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">By default, the results list for a product search was sorted by the &#8220;Recommended&#8221; option. On a linked help page, the provider explained that the selection was based primarily on \u201ccustomer actions\u201d and \u201cinformation about the item,\u201d because these provided \u201cthe best indication\u201d of what customers wanted to buy. No weighting of the criteria relative to one another was provided there.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">On each product page, users could also submit complaints via a &#8220;Report a problem with this product&#8221; link. Anyone who clicked on it was prompted to log in to their customer account first. For customer reviews, a \u201cReport\u201d button also led to the login page after selecting a reason and clicking \u201cSubmit.\u201d  <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-verbraucherschutzverein-rugt-intransparenz-und-login-zwang\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Consumer Protection Association Criticizes Lack of Transparency and Mandatory Login Requirement<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A consumer protection association authorized to bring actions under the Injunction Act identified two violations of the Digital Services Act in this matter. First, while the help page explains individual factors of the recommendation system, it does not explain their relative importance to one another, as required by Article 27 of the DSA (transparency requirement for recommendation systems). Second, the reporting procedure for illegal content is neither clearly labeled nor easily accessible. The phrasing \u201cProblem with this product\u201d suggests, at most, defects in the product, but not illegal content such as offensive reviews. The requirement to log in first is an additional deterrent.    <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The provider defended itself by arguing that, due to the dynamic nature of the algorithms\u2014which depend on numerous factors\u2014it is not even possible to present a weighting in a meaningful way. Furthermore, more detailed disclosure would reveal trade secrets, which, under the Digital Services Act, are required to be disclosed only to government authorities anyway. The provider considered the login requirement reasonable because an account could be created in less than a minute and then deleted again; it also served to prevent automated reports of abuse. In support of this, the provider cited a ruling by the Hamburg Higher Regional Court, according to which creating a customer account during the ordering process does not constitute an unreasonable additional burden.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-olg-bamberg-meldeverfahren-und-empfehlungssysteme-mussen-nachgebessert-werden\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Bamberg Higher Regional Court: Reporting Procedures and Recommendation Systems Need to Be Improved<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">With the  <a href=\"https:\/\/www.gesetze-bayern.de\/Content\/Document\/Y-300-Z-BECKRS-B-2026-N-18397?hl=true\">Judgment of July 29, 2026 \u2013 Case No. 3 UKl 13\/25 e <\/a>  The division of the Bamberg Higher Regional Court responsible for class-action lawsuits under the Digital Services Act has granted the complaint on these two points. Due to a nationwide concentration of jurisdiction, the Bamberg Higher Regional Court rules on such class-action lawsuits against platform operators based abroad despite its designation as the first and only instance; this is therefore not an appellate decision. However, the Senate dismissed two other motions filed by the association, which concerned the availability of a profiling-free recommendation option and the placement of the link to the summary of the GTC.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-warum-der-meldebutton-am-wortlaut-scheitert\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Why the &#8220;Report&#8221; button Fails Because of Its Wording<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">In the opinion of the Bamberg judges, the ease of access to the reporting procedure under Article 16 of the DSA (reporting procedure for unlawful content) requires that the entry point into the procedure be clearly identifiable to users. However, from the perspective of an average user, the label \u201cReport a problem with this product\u201d suggests only defects in the product, not illegal content such as offensive or infringing information on the same product page. An additional link labeled \u201cReport Illegal Content\u201d in the website\u2019s footer is insufficient because it is not located near the content in question and leads only to an informational page, not directly to the reporting procedure.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\" id=\"h-uberschrift\">The judges expressly left open the question of whether the provider was even permitted to require personal data for a report; they considered this doubtful in light of the possibility of anonymous reports, as assumed in the recitals. Even if one were to assume this in favor of the provider, the requirement to create an account in advance would preclude easy accessibility. From the users\u2019 perspective, it is not apparent in advance that only a name and email address are required for this purpose:  <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-turquoise-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If he wants to initiate the reporting process, the message \u201cTo submit a report, log in to your account\u201d may therefore cause him to decide against making the intended report.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Hamburg ruling cited by the defendant regarding guest access during the ordering process is not applicable, as that case did not involve an obligation to ensure easy accessibility comparable to that set forth in Article 16 of the DSA.<\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-wie-genau-muss-die-gewichtung-der-empfehlungsparameter-erklart-werden\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">How precisely does the weighting of the recommendation parameters need to be explained?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Regarding the second point of contention, the Senate clarified that the obligation under Article 27 of the DSA to explain the reasons for the relative importance of the most significant parameters necessarily requires that this relative importance be set forth in the first place. A mere listing of possible criteria is not sufficient for this purpose: <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-turquoise-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">If the platform operator is unable to specify percentages due to the variable weighting of parameters, Art. 27(2)(b) of the DSA requires, at a minimum, information on how the platform provider determines the ratio.  <\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The blanket assertion that the factors mentioned provide \u201cthe best indications\u201d of customers\u2019 purchasing intent lacks precisely this information. At the same time, the Senate confirmed that the provider is not required to disclose either the algorithm itself or case-specific weighting results; the protection of trade secrets remains intact because more detailed disclosure is required only to the competent authorities anyway. The sole requirement is that users be able to understand the basic functioning of the system.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-fazit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">For operators of very large online marketplaces, the ruling means that general statements regarding recommendation systems and reporting channels are no longer sufficient.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">This leaves open the more fundamental question of whether a provider may at all require personal data when reports of illegal content are submitted. The Higher Regional Court expressly did not rule on this issue, even though it is of considerable practical significance\u2014particularly because other provisions of the Digital Services Act regarding the prioritization of trustworthy whistleblowers are based precisely on their identifiability. Furthermore, as long as the Federal Court of Justice has not ruled on the appeal that has been granted, it remains uncertain whether the strict Bamberg line on mandatory login requirements will stand.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0c8cea62 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-71c143ff wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-fb77afb0 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1931a79c wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_45f776af865f8b9750bd44aa025d8af0\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We are happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">advise you about<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">E-Commerce!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9da75b5c wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" 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Act.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904],"tags":[5555,5556,6551,6552],"thema":[],"rechtsgebiet":[5013,5012],"produkt":[],"class_list":["post-35321","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","tag-digital-services-act-en","tag-dsa-en","tag-recommendation-system","tag-registration-procedure","rechtsgebiet-e-commerce-en","rechtsgebiet-it-law"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v28.1 (Yoast SEO v28.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Recommendation Systems and Reporting Procedures Lack Transparency<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The Bamberg Higher Regional Court rules against an online marketplace: Reporting procedures and 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