{"id":34454,"date":"2026-07-15T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-07-15T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/?p=34454"},"modified":"2026-07-15T11:30:47","modified_gmt":"2026-07-15T09:30:47","slug":"digital-borders-for-copyright","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/digital-borders-for-copyright\/","title":{"rendered":"Digital Borders for Copyright"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"49535c\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"585\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-34452 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Digitale Grenzen im Urheberrecht, Rechtsanwalt\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-Grenzen-im-Urheberrecht-1024x585.jpg\" style=\"--dominant-color: #49535c; object-position:49% 57%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"49% 57%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-Grenzen-im-Urheberrecht-1024x585.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-Grenzen-im-Urheberrecht-300x171.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-Grenzen-im-Urheberrecht-768x439.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-Grenzen-im-Urheberrecht-1536x878.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Digitale-Grenzen-im-Urheberrecht-2048x1170.jpg 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-97ba1214 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a6a2a725 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_8b6abb624d14a69b28d07c6a4960b0f8\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-gigantic-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Digital  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:15%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Borders for<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-e5b4d95d8f68d3fbe5c51eeb2b729d74 wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">Copyright.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-878d3859 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2026-07-15T09:00:00+02:00\">15. July 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">of<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Clemens Pfitzer<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-3b99a472 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Is a geographic country-based block sufficient to protect copyrights in an EU member state, even if it can be circumvented using a VPN? What does a digital single market actually mean if the same work is protected in one country but has long been in the public domain in a neighboring country? <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-worum-geht-s\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">What is it all about?<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Anne Frank\u2019s diary remains protected in the Netherlands until 2037, but has long been in the public domain in Belgium. In 2021, a Belgian association, in collaboration with the Anne Frank Foundation, posted a scholarly edition of the original manuscripts online for free, without the permission of the Anne Frank Fund, the rights holder. Access from the Netherlands was technically blocked. Users from countries where the work is in the public domain simply had to confirm with a single click that they were indeed accessing it from those countries. The Anne Frank Fund nevertheless viewed this as a copyright infringement in the Netherlands and took the matter to court, but was unsuccessful in the first two instances. The case eventually reached the Hoge Raad of the Netherlands, which referred the matter to the European Court of Justice.     <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-entscheidung-des-eugh\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Decision of the ECJ<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Essentially, the issue at the heart of the  <a href=\"https:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?uri=CELEX%3A62024CJ0788&amp;qid=1783860886920\">Judgment of the ECJ dated July 9, 2026 \u2013 Case No. C-788\/24 <\/a>  whether the publication of the work on the website, despite the country-specific block, would constitute unauthorized public communication in the Netherlands, because resourceful users could bypass the block using a VPN. <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/rechtsgebiet\/urheberrecht\/\" id=\"284\">EU copyright law<\/a> grants authors the exclusive right to decide on the public communication of their works, which includes making them available on the Internet. According to the Court of Justice\u2019s established case law, such communication requires, on the one hand, an act of transmission and, on the other hand, an audience to which the rights holder had not already directed its original authorization.  <\/p>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court clarified that a geographic blocking measure would be considered an effective technical protection measure precisely if it were state-of-the-art. In that case, it would be presumed that the operators had expressed their intention not to make the work accessible to users in the Netherlands, even if those users could technically circumvent the block. Thus, the mere possibility of circumvention would not automatically render an otherwise effective measure ineffective.    <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-orange-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Even though geographic blocking measures\u2014including state-of-the-art ones\u2014can be circumvented, just like any technical measure, particularly by using a VPN or a comparable service, the mere possibility of circumvention cannot in every case be the decisive factor in concluding that these measures are inappropriate and therefore ineffective.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">A system based solely on self-reporting, in which users simply click to confirm which country they are from, is not sufficient, according to the Court, as it depends entirely on the honesty of the users. It is now up to the Hoge Raad itself to determine whether the specific technical blocking measure in question meets the required state of the art. In the event that the block is indeed ineffective, the ECJ also clarified that the website operator would then be liable, not the VPN provider, since the latter does not provide users with direct access to protected content.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-offene-fragen\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Unanswered Questions<\/h2>\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The real issue behind this ruling is a structural problem with copyright law in the EU. The directive is intended to harmonize the single market, but it still allows for the same work to be protected in one member state while being in the public domain in a neighboring country\u2014for example, due to differing transitional provisions, as in the present case. The Court of Justice effectively accepts this patchwork situation by allowing rights holders to enforce their continuing national protection rights through technical barriers on the internet. Whether this is consistent with the actual goal of a digital single market remains to be seen.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 id=\"h-fazit\" class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-f56f613f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The ruling provides an important clarification in practice, namely that technical protection measures do not fail simply because they can be circumvented with sufficient technical effort.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">At the same time, the Court of Justice deliberately leaves the crucial question of when a block actually corresponds to the state of the art to the national courts, thereby creating considerable uncertainty that is likely to give rise to future litigation.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">The Court of Justice also confirms the continuing fragmentation of copyright law along national borders within the EU in the digital sphere, even though the underlying directive is specifically aimed at harmonization.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-0c8cea62 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-71c143ff wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-fb77afb0 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1931a79c wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_180bfb310513f5425b3cc8f487ff051b\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We are happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">advise you about<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size wp-block-paragraph\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">Copyright!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-9da75b5c wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-visual4-contact-modal__button\">\r\n            \r\n        <div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n            \r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button v4-contact-modal-button is-style-fill\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\" data-form-id=\"8\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\">Contact form<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-style-mobile-only is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-a768b15a wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:4971141019030\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Call now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column--image is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/themes\/kpw-law\/assets\/samples\/person-cropped.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23155\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>ECJ: Effective geoblocking prevents copyright infringement in other EU countries; bypassing it via VPN has no consequences.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904,1],"tags":[6511,4910,6512],"thema":[],"rechtsgebiet":[4923],"produkt":[],"class_list":["post-34454","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-unkategorisiert","tag-anne-frank","tag-copyright-en","tag-vpn","rechtsgebiet-copyright"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.9 (Yoast SEO v27.9) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>ECJ: Digital Boundaries in Copyright Law<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"ECJ: Effective geoblocking prevents copyright infringement in other EU countries; bypassing it via a VPN has no consequences.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, 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