{"id":31131,"date":"2026-02-09T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-02-09T07:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/?p=31131"},"modified":"2026-05-16T17:38:25","modified_gmt":"2026-05-16T15:38:25","slug":"paris-bar-kippenbergers-co-author","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/paris-bar-kippenbergers-co-author\/","title":{"rendered":"Paris Bar &#8211; Kippenberger&#8217;s co-author"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"cf395b\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-31166 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Paris Bar - Kippenbergers Miturheber, Urheberrecht, Rechtsanwwalt\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paris-Bar-Kippenbergers-Miturheber-1024x576.jpg\" style=\"--dominant-color: #cf395b; object-position:0% 50%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"0% 50%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paris-Bar-Kippenbergers-Miturheber-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paris-Bar-Kippenbergers-Miturheber-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paris-Bar-Kippenbergers-Miturheber-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paris-Bar-Kippenbergers-Miturheber-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Paris-Bar-Kippenbergers-Miturheber-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1d4b5d69 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-19e250f3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_4f8cf8bf570035279ba7e5cf1a39c3af\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-gigantic-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Paris Bar &#8211;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:15%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Commissioned painter as<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-50a427de79ba5972c1f619feef1b2a9a\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">Co-author?<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-76c96157 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase;\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2026-02-09T09:00:00+02:00\">9. February 2026<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p>from<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600;\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Helene Klassen-Rock<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c93ec0be wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><strong>Munich Higher Regional Court<\/strong> decides on the question of the co-authorship of the commissioned painter of the paintings &#8220;Paris Bar&#8221; by Kippenberger.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-urheberschaft-und-miturheberschaft\">Authorship and co-authorship<\/h2>\n\n<p id=\"h-urheberschaft-und-miturheberschaft-urheber-ist-wer-ein-werk-als-eigene-personliche-geistige-schopfung-formt-und-dabei-gestalterische-freiheit-nutzt-das-olg-munchen-knupft-dabei-an-die-unionsrechtlich-gepragten-kriterien-des-werkbegriffs-an-erforderlich-ist-ein-original-das-die-personlichkeit-des-schopfers-widerspiegelt-indem-es-dessen-freie-kreative-entscheidungen-zum-ausdruck-bringt-eine-miturheberschaft-liegt-vor-wenn-mehrere-personen-in-bewusstem-auf-ein-einheitliches-werk-gerichteten-zusammenwirken-schopferische-beitrage-leisten-die-sich-nicht-sinnvoll-isoliert-verwerten-lassen-selbst-ein-im-verhaltnis-geringerer-beitrag-kann-zur-miturheberschaft-fuhren-sofern-er-eigenschopferische-zuge-tragt-und-nicht-bloss-handwerkliche-umsetzung-technischer-vorgaben-bleibt\"><br \/>An author is someone who forms a work as their own personal intellectual creation and uses creative freedom in doing so. What is required is an original that reflects the personality of the creator by expressing their free creative decisions. Co-authorship is deemed to exist if several persons make creative contributions in conscious cooperation aimed at a uniform work that cannot be meaningfully exploited in isolation. Even a relatively small contribution can lead to co-authorship, provided that it has its own creative traits and is not merely a technical implementation of technical specifications.   <\/p>\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n            <div id=\"content-cloner-block_249d9eaf82e9050e6707747d3e894b6a\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-content-cloner alignfull\">\r\n            \n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light v4-pattern-knowledge-how-to is-style-background-blend\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-kpw-red-background-color has-background-dim-100 has-background-dim\"><\/span><video class=\"wp-block-cover__video-background intrinsic-ignore\" autoplay muted loop playsinline src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/themes\/kpw-law\/assets\/samples\/monochrome-gradient-loop.mp4\" data-object-fit=\"cover\"><\/video><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-19e250f3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-6c531013 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\">\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading has-medium-font-size\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:500;letter-spacing:10%\">Info box<\/h2>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_067b1a966a059044c9a12a5101310dcf\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">moral rights<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-cf05694f wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<p class=\"has-medium-font-size\">Moral rights are an essential component of copyright law and protect the author&#8217;s personal and moral interests in their work. It includes various laws that ensure that the author retains control over the use and distribution of their creative creations. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Special feature of German copyright law<\/strong>:  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The moral right is non-transferable and continues to exist after the death of the author, although it can generally be asserted by the heirs or successors for a certain period of time.<br\/><\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\"><strong>Central aspects of moral rights:<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\" class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><strong>Right to acknowledge authorship<\/strong>: The author has the right to be named as the creator of his work. This means that his name must be mentioned in connection with the work when it is published or used. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Law on protection against distortion<\/strong>: The author can defend himself against changes or adaptations of his work that could damage his honor or reputation. This protects the integrity of the work and the author&#8217;s personal connection to his creation. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Right of publication<\/strong>: The author has the law to decide whether and when their work is published. This gives them control over the time and type of publication. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Right of withdrawal <\/strong>: In certain cases, the author may withdraw his work, in particular if it is used in a manner contrary to his personal interests.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\r\n    \r\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-zwischen-konzeptkunst-und-auftragsmalerei\"><strong> <\/strong>between conceptual art and commissioned painting<\/h2>\n\n<p><br \/>Two famous paintings were in dispute: &#8220;Paris Bar Version 1&#8221; (1992) and &#8220;Paris Bar Version 2&#8221; (1993). Both works were created on the basis of photographs that the artist Martin Kippenberger had commissioned from a poster painting company. A freelance commissioned artist transferred the photographic templates onto large-format canvases in the style of photorealism and signed the works. Kippenberger&#8217;s estate later marketed them as Kippenberger&#8217;s sole works and listed them under his name in the catalog raisonn\u00e9. The commissioned artist sued the Munich Regional Court for recognition of his co-authorship and demanded an injunction against the exploitation of the &#8220;Paris Bar&#8221; paintings without naming his co-authorship. He relied in particular on his independent decisions on coloring, light, contrasts and atmospheric effect. With success.      <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-auftragskunstler-ist-miturheber\">Commissioned artist is co-author<\/h2>\n\n<p>On appeal by the administrator of Kippenberger&#8217;s estate, the Munich Higher Regional Court confirmed the decision of the court of first instance in its <a href=\"https:\/\/www.itm.nrw\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/02\/29-U-3581-23-e-Urteil-vom-18.12.2025.pdf\">ruling of December 18, 2025 &#8211; 29 U 3581\/23 e<\/a>. The commissioned painter is co-author of both works because they embody his personal intellectual creation. The administrator of Kippenberger&#8217;s estate would have to name the commissioned painter as co-author when exploiting the &#8220;Paris Bar&#8221; paintings. <\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-turquoise-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p>A personal intellectual creation is a creation of individual character whose aesthetic content has reached such a degree that it can be considered an artistic achievement.<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The court found that the commissioned painter had sufficient creative leeway in the implementation of the photographic templates, which he used independently, in particular through decisions on coloring, light, contrast, level of detail and atmosphere. Martin Kippenberger&#8217;s specifications and the photographic template therefore did not completely determine the work, but left room for free creative decisions by the commissioned artist. These creative contributions help to shape the overall impression of the &#8220;Paris Bar&#8221; paintings, so that they cannot be meaningfully separated from the work as a whole and thus lead to co-authorship.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>The decision strengthens the position of commissioned artists and shows that commissioned painters should not be reduced to the role of mere &#8220;craftsmen&#8221; in the context of conceptual art projects. The decisive factor remains whether &#8211; as in the case of the &#8220;Paris Bar&#8221; &#8211; they use actual creative leeway, for example in terms of color mood, lighting or level of detail, and thus bring their individual signature to the work. Anyone exploiting complex pictorial works must carefully examine possible co-authorship and ensure correct copyright designations in order to avoid injunctive relief and subsequent claims.  <\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a7c0d175 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ec2e7a44 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-bce6ca70 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5c12a1d1 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_067b1a966a059044c9a12a5101310dcf\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We are happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">advise you about<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">Copyright!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5c3c14bb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\r\n\r\n<div 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style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Call now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column--image is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full is-resized v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column__image\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1000\" height=\"775\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 360px) 100vw, 360px\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helene-Klassen-Rock-Rechtsanwaeltin-1.png\" alt=\"Helene Klassen-Rock, attorney-at-law, specialist lawyer for intellectual property law, competition law, trademark law, patent law, design law, know-how protection, copyright law, e-commerce\" class=\"wp-image-23367\" style=\"aspect-ratio:51.833333333333336;width:1244px;height:auto\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helene-Klassen-Rock-Rechtsanwaeltin-1.png 1000w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helene-Klassen-Rock-Rechtsanwaeltin-1-300x233.png 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Helene-Klassen-Rock-Rechtsanwaeltin-1-768x595.png 768w\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Munich Higher Regional Court confirms the claim for recognition of the commissioned painter&#8217;s co-authorship of Kippenberger&#8217;s Paris Bar paintings.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":7,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904,4888],"tags":[6131,6130,6133,6129,5540,6127,6128,6134,6132],"thema":[4930],"rechtsgebiet":[4923],"produkt":[4916,4915,4917,5774],"class_list":["post-31131","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-unkategorisiert-2","tag-co-authorship","tag-commissioned-artist","tag-commissioned-painter","tag-kippenberger","tag-omission","tag-painting","tag-personal-intellectual-creation","tag-photorealism","tag-recognition-of-authorship","thema-moral-rights","rechtsgebiet-copyright","produkt-copyright-advice","produkt-defense-against-copyright-warning","produkt-prosecution-of-copyright-infringement","produkt-successfully-combating-copyright-infringement"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Paris Bar - Kippenberger&#039;s co-author &#8211; KPW Rechtsanw\u00e4lte und Fachanw\u00e4lte<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Munich Higher Regional Court confirms the claim for recognition of the commissioned painter&#039;s co-authorship of Kippenberger&#039;s Paris Bar paintings.\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/paris-bar-kippenbergers-co-author\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Paris Bar - Kippenberger&#039;s co-author\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Munich Higher Regional Court confirms the claim for recognition of the commissioned painter&#039;s 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