{"id":28739,"date":"2025-10-09T09:33:17","date_gmt":"2025-10-09T07:33:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/?p=28739"},"modified":"2026-05-12T14:19:57","modified_gmt":"2026-05-12T12:19:57","slug":"burden-of-proof-for-bad-faith","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/burden-of-proof-for-bad-faith\/","title":{"rendered":"Burden of proof for bad faith"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"51abc3\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" style=\"--dominant-color: #51abc3;\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-28676 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Beweislast bei B\u00f6sgl\u00e4ubigkeit einer Markenanmeldung, Marke, Markenrecht, Testarossa, Rechtsanwalt\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beweislast-bei-Boesglaeubigkeit-1024x576.jpg\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beweislast-bei-Boesglaeubigkeit-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beweislast-bei-Boesglaeubigkeit-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beweislast-bei-Boesglaeubigkeit-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beweislast-bei-Boesglaeubigkeit-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Beweislast-bei-Boesglaeubigkeit-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1d4b5d69 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-19e250f3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_88df074ce88977c11b177489f70a7568\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-gigantic-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Burden of proof<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:15%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">for<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-889203d3eb41e970584863998bdd9804\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">Bad faith<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-76c96157 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase;\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2025-10-09T09:33:17+02:00\">9. October 2025<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p>from<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600;\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Clemens Pfitzer<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c93ec0be wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><strong>When is a trademark application in bad faith? When is a trademark application considered a strategic attack on competitors? Who has to prove that the applicant had unfair intentions?    <\/strong>The latest ruling by the Federal Court of Justice in the &#8220;Testarossa&#8221; case provides decisive answers.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-der-hintergrund-ein-spielzeugunternehmer-gegen-einen-sportwagenriesen\">The background: A toy entrepreneur against a sports car giant<\/h2>\n\n<p>A well-known Italian sports car manufacturer and a German entrepreneur from the toy and model car industry were involved in a long-running legal dispute<sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup>. On December 27, 2013, the entrepreneur registered the German word mark &#8220;Testa Rossa&#8221; for a wide range of goods at<sup><\/sup>. These included electrical household appliances, tools, bicycles, bags and toys <sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup><sup><\/sup>.<\/p>\n\n<p>The sports car manufacturer, which has been using the name &#8220;Testarossa&#8221; for its vehicles for decades and has older <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/rechtsgebiet\/markenrecht\/\">trademark rights <\/a>, saw this as a bad faith trademark application. The accusation: The application was not made in order to seriously use the trademark for the registered products. Rather, the entrepreneur had intended to profit from the popularity of the name &#8220;Testarossa&#8221; and to deliberately hinder the sports car manufacturer. The case went through several instances before it was submitted to the Federal Court of Justice for final clarification.   <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-entscheidung-des-bgh-beweislast-liegt-beim-angreifer\">Decision of the Federal Court of Justice: Burden of proof lies with the attacker<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Federal Court of Justice dismissed the sports car manufacturer&#8217;s appeal on points of law with  <a href=\"https:\/\/medien-internet-und-recht.de\/volltext.php?mir_dok_id=3505\">Judgment of 11.09.2025 &#8211; Ref. I ZB 6\/25 <\/a>  back. The Federal Patent Court, which had previously been seized of the case, had ruled that no bad faith application had been made. The sports car manufacturer, which had the burden of proof in this respect, had not provided sufficient evidence that could lead to a bad faith trademark application being assumed with the necessary certainty.    <\/p>\n\n<p>The Federal Court of Justice clarifies that the party applying for the cancellation of a trademark on the grounds of bad faith bears the full burden of proof or establishment of the relevant evidence.<\/p>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group v4-pattern-general-quote-box has-kpw-red-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--70)\">\n<p><em>The party challenging the registration of a trademark in invalidity proceedings on the grounds that it was applied for in bad faith bears the burden of proof or the burden of establishing the existence of the conclusive and consistent indications which are a prerequisite for the assumption of the absolute ground for refusal asserted.<\/em><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>The judges based their decision on a logical and practical distribution of the burden of proof. In principle, there is a presumption that a trademark applicant is acting in good faith. It is therefore the task of the challenging company to rebut this presumption.  <\/p>\n\n<p>To this end, the applicant must present conclusive and consistent evidence that proves an unfair intention on the part of the applicant at the time of the application<sup><\/sup>. Such an intention may, for example, be to deliberately hinder competition or to attach itself to the reputation of a well-known trademark without pursuing its own economic interests<sup><\/sup>. <\/p>\n\n<p>Only if the applicant seriously disproves the good faith of the trademark owner with tangible evidence is the latter obliged to provide plausible explanations for the objectives and economic logic of his application.<\/p>\n\n<p>The Karlsruhe federal judges also clarify that the mere existence of older laws is not sufficient for the assumption of bad faith.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Practical implications: What does this mean for companies?<\/h2>\n\n<p>The decision has far-reaching consequences for trademark owners and companies who want to defend themselves against potentially abusive trademark applications.  <\/p>\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list is-style-arrow\">\n<li><strong>Higher hurdles for cancellation requests:<\/strong> Companies wishing to attack a trademark for bad faith must very carefully substantiate their allegations with concrete evidence. Mere assumptions about the applicant&#8217;s motives or the assumption that a trademark was only applied for to obstruct are no longer sufficient. <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>Strategic documentation for applicants:<\/strong> Trademark owners are well advised to document the economic and strategic considerations behind a trademark application internally. This applies in particular when applying for a name that already enjoys a certain reputation. In the event of a dispute, such documentation can be decisive in demonstrating your own good faith and the economic logic of your actions.  <\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><strong>No automatic reversal of the burden of proof:<\/strong> The decision makes it clear that the burden of proof does not simply shift to the trademark owner. The &#8220;ball&#8221; is clearly in the court of the attacker, who must prove bad faith. <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-fazit\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>With the &#8220;Testarossa&#8221; ruling, the Federal Court of Justice strengthens the legal position of the trademark owner against nullity applications due to bad faith trademark applications.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The accusation of bad faith remains a sharp sword in trademark law, but its use requires a solid and demonstrable basis.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Companies wishing to take action against bad faith trademark applications must adapt their attack strategies accordingly and carefully substantiate their allegations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>At the same time, trademark owners can defend themselves against accusations of bad faith with a well thought-out and documented filing strategy that explains their own motives and circumstances.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a7c0d175 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ec2e7a44 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-bce6ca70 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5c12a1d1 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_53be141c7c3c7d7af03c019a5483d236\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We are happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">advise you about<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">Trademark law!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5c3c14bb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\r\n\r\n<div 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The Federal Court of Justice has now established clear rules on the distribution of the burden of proof.   <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904,1],"tags":[5793,5794],"thema":[4896,4895,4897,4924],"rechtsgebiet":[4898],"produkt":[5001,5795,5000,4900,4902,4922,5778,4903],"class_list":["post-28739","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","category-unkategorisiert","tag-burden-of-proof","tag-trademark-application-in-bad-faith","thema-internationale-registrierung-en","thema-marke-en","thema-markenformen-en","thema-warning","rechtsgebiet-markenrecht-en","produkt-advice-on-trademark-law","produkt-cancellation-of-trademark","produkt-defense-against-trademark-warning","produkt-markenanmeldung-en","produkt-markenuberwachung-en","produkt-product-brand-piracy","produkt-successfully-combating-trademark-infringement","produkt-widerspruch-marke-en"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.5 (Yoast SEO v27.5) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Burden of proof for bad faith of a trademark application<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"When is a trademark application considered to be in bad faith? 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