{"id":28464,"date":"2016-05-02T09:43:33","date_gmt":"2016-05-02T07:43:33","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/link-liability-the-end-of-copyright-on-the-internet\/"},"modified":"2026-03-30T03:04:49","modified_gmt":"2026-03-30T01:04:49","slug":"link-liability-the-end-of-copyright-on-the-internet","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/link-liability-the-end-of-copyright-on-the-internet\/","title":{"rendered":"Link liability &#8211; the end of copyright on the Internet?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignfull v4-pattern-hero v4-pattern-hero--post is-style-background-blend is-style-arrow has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-cover alignfull is-light v4-pattern-hero__cover\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);min-height:75vh;aspect-ratio:unset;\"><img data-dominant-color=\"c25045\" data-has-transparency=\"false\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"576\" sizes=\"auto, 100vw\" class=\"wp-block-cover__image-background wp-image-28460 size-large not-transparent\" alt=\"Linkhaftung f\u00fcr Urheberrechtsverletzungen im Internet, Link, Haftung, Rechtsanwalt, Urheberrecht\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Linkhaftung-Das-Ende-des-Urheberrechts-im-Internet-1024x576.jpg\" style=\"--dominant-color: #c25045; object-position:48% 100%\" data-object-fit=\"cover\" data-object-position=\"48% 100%\" srcset=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Linkhaftung-Das-Ende-des-Urheberrechts-im-Internet-1024x576.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Linkhaftung-Das-Ende-des-Urheberrechts-im-Internet-300x169.jpg 300w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Linkhaftung-Das-Ende-des-Urheberrechts-im-Internet-768x432.jpg 768w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Linkhaftung-Das-Ende-des-Urheberrechts-im-Internet-1536x864.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/uploads\/Linkhaftung-Das-Ende-des-Urheberrechts-im-Internet-2048x1152.jpg 2048w\" \/><span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-cover__background has-base-background-color has-background-dim-0 has-background-dim\"><\/span><div class=\"wp-block-cover__inner-container has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-cover-is-layout-constrained\">\n<div style=\"height:5em\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-1d4b5d69 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--60)\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-19e250f3 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<h1 id=\"multirow-headline-block_cbe5dcde4ae415a9d22ef7b0c9fe3a92\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-cc7649f4691584b40c3be9acd6b56d5e\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">Linkhaftung:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-base-color has-text-color has-link-color has-huge-font-size wp-elements-aa2f5ebbed12347b132098d163068af9\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">End of copyright<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-contrast-color has-text-color has-link-color has-gigantic-font-size wp-elements-10da2cbfead4ab2019e2a3b81fa7b306\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\"><span class=\"v4-marker-highlight-background\">im Internet.<\/span><\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/h1>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group has-small-font-size is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-76c96157 wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--20);margin-bottom:0;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase\"><div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:300;text-transform:uppercase;\" class=\"wp-block-post-date has-small-font-size\"><time datetime=\"2016-05-02T09:43:33+02:00\">2. May 2016<\/time><\/div>\n\n\n<p>from<\/p>\n\n\n<div style=\"font-style:italic;font-weight:600;\" class=\"wp-block-post-author-name\">Clemens Pfitzer<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-left is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-c93ec0be wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\n<p><strong>Are you liable for links to illegal content or not? The European Court of Justice is currently dealing with this question, which is relevant for every Internet user.   <\/strong>The Advocate General has now presented his opinion, which is unlikely to please rights holders.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<p>Last year at the<a href=\"http:\/\/ak-it-recht.de\/14-kit-kongress-4-forum-kr\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> 14th @kit Congress \/ 4th Forum &#8220;Communication and Law&#8221;<\/a> I gave a presentation on the topic &#8220;Embedded Content &#8211; Nightmare for Authors?&#8221;.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-hintergrund-zur-linkhaftung\">Background to link liability<\/h2>\n\n<p>The background to this was the <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/en\/embedding-third-party-content-on-the-web-is-not-a-copyright-infringement\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">ECJ&#8217;s decisions on embedding third-party content<\/a>. In a nutshell, the ECJ concluded that a link to content (regardless of whether it is a deep link or framing) can constitute a communication to the public within the meaning of <a href=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/rechtsgebiet\/urheberrecht\/\">copyright law <\/a>if the link opens up a new audience or another technical process is used. In turn, this means that you can link to content that is freely accessible on the internet without blocking and is not technically altered.  <\/p>\n\n<p>However, the ECJ did not clearly answer the question of whether this also applies if the linked content is located illegally on the internet. However, this question is of great relevance. <\/p>\n\n<p>If one were to conclude that the illegality of the linked content is irrelevant, this would lead to the aforementioned nightmare for authors. They would then often have to stand idly by and watch the linking to copyright-infringing content and could only assert claims against the linked source, which is often difficult or even impossible. <\/p>\n\n<p>If one came to the opposite conclusion, on the other hand, every Internet user would be incriminated, as every link would be a potential copyright infringement. This could in turn lead to the end of the Internet, as every link could lead to liability, which would probably result in people no longer linking at all. However, a web without links is inconceivable.  <\/p>\n\n<p>The <a href=\"http:\/\/juris.bundesgerichtshof.de\/cgi-bin\/rechtsprechung\/document.py?Gericht=bgh&amp;Art=pm&amp;Datum=2015&amp;Sort=3&amp;nr=71618&amp;pos=4&amp;anz=119\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Federal Court of Justice had indicated<\/a> that the ECJ was of the opinion that there was a copyright infringement if the content was posted online without the author&#8217;s consent. However, the judges in Karlsruhe decided not to refer the matter to the ECJ again, as there was already a pending case on the issue from the Netherlands. <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-die-linkhaftung-vor-dem-europaischen-gerichtshof\">Link liability before the European Court of Justice<\/h2>\n\n<p>The proceedings from the Netherlands concerned the following:<\/p>\n\n<p>The publisher of Playboy, Sanoma, had commissioned a photo reportage about Brit Dekker, who is well-known in Holland. The company GS Media published advertisements and a link to an Australian website on which pictures of the photo reportage by Sanoma could be found, albeit without Sanoma&#8217;s permission. <\/p>\n\n<p>Sanoma asked GS Media to remove the hyperlink, which they refused to do. After the Australian website removed the images at Sanoma&#8217;s request, GS Media looked for another source to which they linked. This source was also taken down by Sanoma, whereupon GS Media looked for other sources and linked to them.  <\/p>\n\n<p>Sanoma then took GS Media to court for copyright infringement. GS Media had made it much easier to find the content, which was not easy to find, by placing the hyperlinks. <\/p>\n\n<p>The case ultimately ended up at the ECJ.<\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"h-schlussantrage-des-generalanwalts-zur-linkhaftung\">Opinion of the Advocate General on link liability<\/h2>\n\n<p>The Advocate General at the ECJ, Melchior Wathelet, has now clearly stated his position in his <a href=\"http:\/\/curia.europa.eu\/jcms\/upload\/docs\/application\/pdf\/2016-04\/cp160037de.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">opinion <\/a>, to the chagrin of the authors\/rights holders.<\/p>\n\n<p>Links to freely accessible websites do not constitute making available to the public under copyright law, as the linked content has already been made available to the public. It is therefore not an act of communication to the public. <\/p>\n\n<p>The Advocate General goes on to say that internet users do not normally know whether a protected work that is freely accessible on the internet was originally made accessible with or without the consent of the author. Nor are they in a position to find out. If internet users were at risk of being sued for copyright infringement when they set a link that is freely accessible on other websites, they would be even more reluctant to set such links, which would be detrimental to the proper functioning of the internet, its architecture as such and ultimately to the development of the information society.  <\/p>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns v4-pattern-text-copy-half-col is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-28f84493 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<p>It remains to be seen how the ECJ will decide. It usually follows the Advocate General&#8217;s requests. If it does the same in this case, the aforementioned nightmare for authors is likely to become reality.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The issue of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.urheberrecht.de\/links\/\">linking to copyrighted content<\/a> remains a hot topic.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\">\n<div style=\"height:100px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--80)\">\n<div style=\"height:50px\" aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"wp-block-spacer\"><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide v4-pattern-cta-box has-secondary-background-color has-background has-global-padding is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-a7c0d175 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-right:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-columns alignwide are-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns is-layout-flex wp-container-core-columns-is-layout-ec2e7a44 wp-block-columns-is-layout-flex\" style=\"padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column is-layout-flow wp-container-core-column-is-layout-bce6ca70 wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"padding-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-bottom:0;flex-basis:60%\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-group alignwide has-global-padding is-content-justification-right is-layout-constrained wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5c12a1d1 wp-block-group-is-layout-constrained\">\r\n<div id=\"multirow-headline-block_661620164a83490c22f616f24dbaa7bc\" class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline alignwide\">\r\n    <div class=\"wp-block-visual4-multirow-headline\">\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:1;text-transform:uppercase\">We are happy to<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-x-large-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:8%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">advise you about<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-left has-huge-font-size\" style=\"margin-top:0;margin-right:0;margin-bottom:0;margin-left:0%;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;font-style:normal;font-weight:1000;line-height:0.9;text-transform:uppercase\">Copyright!<\/p>\n\n<\/div> \r\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group is-nowrap is-layout-flex wp-container-core-group-is-layout-5c3c14bb wp-block-group-is-layout-flex\" style=\"margin-top:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30);margin-bottom:var(--wp--preset--spacing--30)\">\r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-visual4-contact-modal__button\">\r\n            \r\n        <div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-layout-flex wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\r\n            \r\n\r\n<div class=\"wp-block-button v4-contact-modal-button is-style-fill\" style=\"font-style:normal;font-weight:600\" data-form-id=\"8\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-contrast-color has-base-background-color has-text-color has-background has-link-color wp-element-button\">Contact form<\/a><\/div>\r\n\r\n        <\/div>\r\n        \r\n    <\/div>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-buttons is-style-mobile-only is-content-justification-left is-layout-flex wp-container-core-buttons-is-layout-fc4fd283 wp-block-buttons-is-layout-flex\">\n<div class=\"wp-block-button is-style-arrow is-style-fill\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-base-background-color has-background wp-element-button\" href=\"tel:4971141019030\" style=\"padding-right:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);padding-left:var(--wp--preset--spacing--50);font-style:normal;font-weight:600\">Call now!<\/a><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-column is-vertically-aligned-top v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column--image is-layout-flow wp-block-column-is-layout-flow\" style=\"flex-basis:40%\">\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full v4-pattern-cta-box__columns-column__image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/kpw.law\/wp-content\/themes\/kpw-law\/assets\/samples\/person-cropped.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23155\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Link liability for copyright infringements on the internet &#8211; nightmare for authors or the end of the internet as we know it? Proceedings before the ECJ. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"single-post","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[4904],"tags":[5730,5728,5676,5677,5729,5727,5731],"thema":[],"rechtsgebiet":[4923,5012],"produkt":[4916,4915,4912,4917,4914],"class_list":["post-28464","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-general","tag-advocate-general","tag-embedded-content-en","tag-embedding-en","tag-framing-en","tag-hyperlink-en","tag-link-liability","tag-playboy-en","rechtsgebiet-copyright","rechtsgebiet-it-law","produkt-copyright-advice","produkt-defense-against-copyright-warning","produkt-online-advertising-consulting","produkt-prosecution-of-copyright-infringement","produkt-website-internet-presence-consulting"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v27.1 (Yoast SEO v27.1.1) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-premium-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Link liability - the end of copyright on the Internet?<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Link liability for copyright infringements on the internet - nightmare for authors or the end of the internet as we know it? 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